![]() ![]() Percentages were used to summarize categorical variables. In 2021, the Canadian Public Health Association echoed this sentiment, issuing a report that explicitly advocated for future research in the area of nicotine and nicotine-free vape use. ![]() Nevertheless, despite the presence of different types of vape users, little is known about health-related and/or sociodemographic differences between nicotine and nicotine-free vape users. Other research has shown that self-reported use of vaping products with higher nicotine concentrations positively correlates with vaping frequency and perceived vaping addiction, and that nicotine addiction could, in turn, impact brain development. found that those who vaped with nicotine had more behavioral and mental health issues than those who vaped nicotine-free. Moreover, there may be important differences between youth who vape with and without nicotine. A common approach has been to treat vape use as a unitary behavior, even though some users vape with nicotine products while others do not. Īlthough research related to adolescent vaping continues to expand, most studies have neglected an important distinction-i.e., different types of vape users. The associations also appear to be stronger for adolescent females than for males. found that current adolescent vape users were more likely to suffer from a variety of mental health issues, including depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, suicidal plans, and attempting suicide. In addition to the risks associated with other substance use, researchers have explored connections between adolescent vape use and mental health. found that both high and low levels of vape use were correlated with higher alcohol and cannabis use over time, suggesting the need for early intervention and prevention of vape use altogether. In a community sample of 13–17-year-old adolescents from Erie County, NY, Park et al. found that vape use predicted future marijuana use among youth. Similarly, in their longitudinal study, Dai et al. The authors speculated that youth who vape for experimentation purposes may not foresee any immediate consequences as a result of their vaping behavior and may wrongly conclude that the dangers of cigarette smoking are also exaggerated, especially among those who have never smoked. found that vaping strongly predicted cigarette smoking one year later among grade 12 students who had never previously smoked cigarettes. In an analysis of prospective nationally representative longitudinal data from the U.S., Miech et al. Dai and Hao found that among youth who had never smoked cigarettes, those who used a flavored vape in the past month had a nearly six-fold increase in the intention to initiate cigarette smoking compared to those who had not vaped in the past month, and 40% lower odds of intention to quit cigarette smoking among current smokers. Other research has explored how adolescent vaping can influence the likelihood of initiating cigarette smoking and marijuana use, although it is unclear whether there is a threshold of vape use that is predictive of other substance use. The prevalence of nicotine and nicotine-free vaping is high, with many students reporting the use of both. Grade 10 and 11 students were more likely than grade 9 students to vape exclusively with nicotine (aOR 1.36 95% CI: 1.05, 1.77 and aOR 1.46 95% CI: 1.09, 1.97), while grade 9 students were more likely than grade 11 and 12 students to vape with both nicotine and nicotine-free vapes (aOR 0.82 95% CI: 0.67, 0.99 and aOR 0.49 95% CI: 0.37, 0.64). ![]() Age was associated with vape use, but in different directions. Substance use (smoking, alcohol, cannabis) and being male were associated with membership in every category of vape use. Approximately 12% of the students reported past-month vape use exclusively with nicotine, 2.8% reported exclusively nicotine-free vape use, and 14% reported both nicotine vaping and nicotine-free vaping. We used multinomial regression to assess for the correlations among different categories of vape use. The total sample consisted of 38,229 students. Data came from the 2019 Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CSTADS). This study estimates the prevalence and correlations among past-month nicotine vaping, nicotine-free vaping, and dual-use vaping (nicotine and nicotine-free) in grades 9–12 high school students. Researchers have explored factors associated with vape use, but rarely differentiated between types of use. Youth vaping is a public health concern in Canada.
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